Hamlet
Hamlet está considerara una de las obras maestras de la literatura universal, pero leer a Shakespeare en castellano siempre nos deja un regusto amargo, el de saber que no hemos podido apreciar su obra en toda su dimensión. Es lo que tienen las traducciones, que por muy buenas que sean nunca van a conseguir igualar al original. Lo mismo les pasará a los de habla inglesa con el Quijote o con las mejores obras en castellano, pero habrá que resignarse a esta torre de Babel que es el mundo, con sus riquezas y sus inconvenientes.
Dicho este preámbulo nos adentramos en la compleja personalidad de
Hamlet, hijo de rey y sobrino de rey. Su padre ha muerto recientemente y el reino ha recaído en su tío quien a la vez se ha casado con su madre. A Hamlet se le aparece el espectro de su padre quien le informa que su tío, ahora su padrastro, cometió fratricidio y después la infamia de la yacer con su viuda madre. Hamlet enloquece, simulada y realmente, y no tiene otro apego a la vida que el de ver consumada su venganza.
Ésta llegará con la escabechina final, lógico desenlace en el teatro de la época en el que el público exigía duelos de espadachines y muertos por doquier, y es este el otro inconveniente que le ponemos a Shakespeare, que versos tan sublimes tengan como colofón finales tan aparatosos, hubiéramos preferido, y suponemos que Shakespeare también, desenlaces más comedido e íntimos, pero no podía ser, los espectadores que abarrotaban los teatros querían sangre y por ella pagaban.
En cualquier caso he aquí una de las mejores obras de la literatura universal, y un autor que escribe como pocos y que escarba sin misericordia en la compleja naturaleza humana:
“So many journeys may the sun and moon
Make us again count o´e love be done.
But woe is me, you are so sick of late,
So far from cheer and from your former state
That I distrust you. Yet, though I distrust,
Discomfort you, my lord, it nothing must.”
Qué traducido es más o menos así:
“Mucho tiene que viajar el sol y la luna para que podamos volver a sentir nuestro amor. Pero, ay de mí, estás tan enfermo últimamente, tan lejos de tu alegría que desconfío de ti. Pero, aunque desconfío, más lo lamento, mi Señor, nada más.”
Que es incomparablemente peor, pero que le vamos a hacer.
De William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) se sabe poco, apenas que nació en Stratford-upon-Avon, que fue el tercer hijo de una familia acomodada, que debió estudiar en la escuela local, y que a la edad de 28 años aparece por Londres como escritor de obras de teatro. Se casó a los dieciocho años con una mujer algo mayor, tuvo tres hijos, y el primogénito, Hamnet, murió a los once años, en 1596, y poco después, entre 1599 y 1601, compuso Hamlet y como dudar entonces de que el dolor por el hijo muerto inspiró sus más tristes versos, y el desamparo del joven príncipe fuera el del atormentado autor.
CONSEJOS PARA LEER HAMLET
Muchas son las traducciones de Hamlet y sinceramente no sabemos cuál es la buena. Lo mejor es tomar alguna en la que se comparan los textos en inglés y en castellano, e ir de una a otra como buenamente se pueda tratando de disfrutar de la historia y de los versos.
Leer Hamlet está bien pero verlo en el teatro es mucho mejor, aproveche cualquier estreno para acudir a ver la obra tal y como el escritor la concibió. Hay varias películas que versionan Hamlet y por recomendar alguna está la que realizó Franco Zeffirelli con Mel Gibson en el papel principal o la clásica de Laurence Oliver en la dirección y en el papel de Hamlet.
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